The Journal Of Chemical Physics 128, 044317 (2008)
type: channel
description: Photofragmentation of argon clusters of average size ranging from 10 up to 1000 atoms is studied using soft x-ray radiation below the 2p threshold and multicoincidence mass spectroscopy technique. For small clusters <N>=10, ionization induces fast fragmentation with neutral emission imparting a large amount of energy.While the primary dissociation takes place on a picosecond time scale, the fragments undergo slow degradation in the spectrometer on a microsecond time scale. For larger clusters <N>>=100 we believe that we observe the fragmentation pattern of multiply charged species on a time-scale which lasts a few hundred nanoseconds. The reason for these slower processes is the large number of neutral atoms which act as an efficient cooling bath where the excess energy heat dissipates among all degrees of freedom. Further degradation of the photoionic cluster in spectrometer then takes place on the microsecond time scale, similar to small clusters.
items: New version after Andreas PhD
items: Copy-paste 1 sentence; rearrange 1sentence; add 1 sentence with inelastic scattering for fig 6
items: Some changes from Stacey
items: Some small typs. Checked the conflict part and included a documentclass usable for submision.
items: Small changes : reference, doubling words, eng. mistakes
items: (no comment)

New version after Andreas PhD
type: item
creator: mathieu@g3
date: 2007-03-26T14:11:38+02:00
description: UpdateBinaryFile(.DS_Store) AddTxtFile(Argon_size_depedence.aux) DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.bbl,1,1) -- \begin{thebibliography}{30} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.bbl,1,1) ++ \begin{thebibliography}{38} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.bbl,15,16) -- \bibitem[{\citenamefont{{M. Gisselbrecht} et~al.}(2005)\citenamefont{{M. -- Gisselbrecht}, {A. Lindgren}, {M. Tchaplyguine}, { F. Burmeister}, {G. -- \"{O}hrwall}, {M. Lundwall}, {M. Lundin}, {R. R.T. Marinho}, {A. Naves de -- Brito}, {S. Svensson} et~al.}}]{Gisselbrecht_2005} -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{M. Gisselbrecht}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{A. Lindgren}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{M. Tchaplyguine}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{ F. Burmeister}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{G. \"{O}hrwall}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{M. Lundwall}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{M. Lundin}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{R. R.T. Marinho}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{A. Naves de Brito}}}, -- \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{S. Svensson}}}, \bibnamefont{et~al.}, -- \bibinfo{journal}{J. Chem. Phys.} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{123}}, -- \bibinfo{pages}{194301} (\bibinfo{year}{2005}). AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.bbl,15,7) ++ \bibitem[{\citenamefont{{C. Bobbert} et~al.}(2002)\citenamefont{{C. Bobbert}, ++ {S. Sch\"{u}tte}, {C. Steinbach}, and {U. Buck}}}]{Bobbert_2002} ++ \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{C. Bobbert}}}, \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{S. ++ Sch\"{u}tte}}}, \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{C. Steinbach}}}, ++ \bibnamefont{and} \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{U. Buck}}}, ++ \bibinfo{journal}{Eur. Phys. J. D} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{19}}, ++ \bibinfo{pages}{183} (\bibinfo{year}{2002}). AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.bbl,23,48) ++ \bibitem[{\citenamefont{{R. Thissen} et~al.}(1998)\citenamefont{{R. Thissen}, ++ {P. Lablanquie}, {R.I. Hall}, {M. Ukai}, and {K. Ito}}}]{Thissen_1998} ++ \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{R. Thissen}}}, \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{P. ++ Lablanq…

Copy-paste 1 sentence; rearrange 1sentence; add 1 sentence with inelastic scattering for fig 6
type: item
creator: mathieu@g3
date: 2006-08-28T13:28:14+02:00
description: UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.dvi) UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.pdf) DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,146,1) -- This astounding importance of multiply charged species deserve further discussion. Although at this photon energy the double photo ionization cross section for free atoms is a minor channel, for clusters there are actually two more mechanisms that lead to the formation of multiply charged species. First, the double ionization continuum in 3p shell decreases from 43~eV in atoms to 32~eV in clusters of size N=101 \cite{Scheier_87}. Due to this lowering of the adiabatic ionization potentials, high ionic excited states (e.g. Ar$_m^{*+}$) auto-ionize into the double ionization continuum. For instance, a single charge exchange between atoms can occur, opening dissociation channels Ar$_p^+$ + Ar$_q^+$ located around $\sim$31~eV (depending on the cluster size). Secondly, ÒindirectÓ processes like scattering of a primary electron on another atom can also occur as it has been pointed out in studies on large clusters. In our case, direct photo-ionization can produce either one electron from the ($3p/3s$) shells, or two/three electrons from the 3p shell, thus the electron kinetic energies can range from 0-100~eV. This corresponds to an inelastic mean free path which can be smaller than the cluster size. Such mechanism would heat up the cluster, increase the overall degree of ionization and strengthen Coulomb repulsion forces. Inelastic scattering is expected to be mainly significant close to atomic ionization thresholds as it has been shown in Ne \cite{Hergenhahn_2002}, but this mechanism could be emphasized by the auto-ionization of high ionic excited states (e.g. Ar$_m^{*+}$) which would produced low kinetic energy electrons. AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,146,2) ++ This astounding importance of multiply charged species deserve further discussion. Although at this photon energy the double photo ionization cross section for free atoms is a minor …

Some changes from Stacey
type: item
creator: andreas@work
date: 2006-08-28T10:50:02+02:00
description: AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,67,1) ++ \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {IV}Conclusion}{6}{}} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,102,1) -- \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {IV}Conclusion}{7}{}} UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.dvi) DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,1,1) -- This is e-TeX, Version 3.141592-2.1 (MiKTeX 2.4) (preloaded format=latex 2004.8.20) 27 AUG 2006 18:02 AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,1,1) ++ This is e-TeX, Version 3.141592-2.1 (MiKTeX 2.4) (preloaded format=latex 2004.8.20) 28 AUG 2006 09:48 DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,173,1) -- LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for U+lasy on input line 55. AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,173,1) ++ LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for U+lasy on input line 54. DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,178,1) -- LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for U+msa on input line 55. AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,178,1) ++ LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for U+msa on input line 54. DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,182,1) -- LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for U+msb on input line 55. AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,182,1) ++ LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for U+msb on input line 54. DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,193,1) -- Underfull \hbox (badness 1622) in paragraph at lines 95--96 AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,193,1) ++ Underfull \hbox (badness 1622) in paragraph at lines 94--95 DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,205,1) -- on input line 109. AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,205,1) ++ on input line 108. DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,209,1) -- Overfull \hbox (0.92249pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 121--122 AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,209,1) ++ Overfull \hbox (0.92249pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 120--121 DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,219,1) -- Underfull \hbox (badness 2521) in paragraph at lines 147--148 AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,219,1) ++ Underfull \hbox …

Some small typs. Checked the conflict part and included a documentclass usable for submision.
type: item
creator: andreas@work
date: 2006-08-27T18:04:50+02:00
description: AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,12,1) ++ \citation{Svensson_1996} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,15,1) -- \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Photo-ionization branching ratio for free argon atoms and schematic decay channels for clusters. }}{1}{}} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,15,1) ++ \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Photo-ionization branching ratio for free argon atoms and schematic decay channels for clusters.}}{1}{}} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,17,1) -- \citation{Svensson_1996} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,63,1) -- \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {I}{\ignorespaces Typical time scale associated with the decay of dimers into monomer and mother ion into the dimer channel }}{5}{}} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,63,1) ++ \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {I}{\ignorespaces Typical time scale associated with the decay of dimers into monomer and mother ion into the dimer channel.}}{5}{}} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,67,1) -- \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {IV}Conclusion}{6}{}} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,101,1) ++ \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {IV}Conclusion}{7}{}} UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.dvi) AddBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.dvi#222) AddTxtFile(Argon_size_depedence.fgx) DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,1,1) -- This is pdfeTeX, Version 3.141592-1.20a-2.2 (Web2C 7.5.3) (format=latex 2005.2.14) 27 AUG 2006 12:29 AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,1,1) ++ This is e-TeX, Version 3.141592-2.1 (MiKTeX 2.4) (preloaded format=latex 2004.8.20) 27 AUG 2006 18:02 DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,4,1) -- (./Argon_size_depedence.tex AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,4,1) ++ (Argon_size_depedence.tex DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,6,3) -- Babel <v3.8d> and hyphenation patterns for american, french, german, ngerman, d -- utch, italian, norsk, portuges, spanish, swedish, nohyphenatio…

Small changes : reference, doubling words, eng. mistakes
type: item
creator: mathieu@g3
date: 2006-08-27T12:31:26+02:00
description: AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,3,2) ++ \citation{Maxim_2003} ++ \citation{Lundwall_05} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,6,1) ++ \citation{Nist} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,14,1) -- \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Photo-ionisation branching ratio for free argon atoms and schematic decay channels for clusters. }}{1}{}} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,14,1) ++ \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Photo-ionization branching ratio for free argon atoms and schematic decay channels for clusters. }}{1}{}} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,42,1) ++ \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B}Peak shape}{3}{}} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,47,2) ++ \citation{Casero_1988} ++ \citation{Ruhl_1994} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,51,1) -- \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {B}Peak shape}{4}{}} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,52,2) -- \citation{Casero_1988} -- \citation{Ruhl_1994} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,52,1) ++ \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2}Analysis: influence of meta-stable decay}{4}{}} DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,57,3) -- \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {I}{\ignorespaces Typical time scale associated with the decay of dimers into monomer and mother ion into the dimer channel }}{5}{}} -- \newlabel{table1}{{I}{5}{}{}{}} -- \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2}Analysis: influence of meta-stable decay}{5}{}} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,57,1) ++ \citation{Casero_1988} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,63,2) ++ \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {I}{\ignorespaces Typical time scale associated with the decay of dimers into monomer and mother ion into the dimer channel }}{5}{}} ++ \newlabel{table1}{{I}{5}{}{}{}} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.aux,67,1) ++ \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {IV}Conclusion}{6}{}} DelBlock(Argon_size_…

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type: item
creator: andreas@work
date: 2006-08-26T14:25:22+02:00
description: UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.dvi) DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,1,1) -- This is e-TeX, Version 3.141592-2.1 (MiKTeX 2.4) (preloaded format=latex 2004.8.20) 26 AUG 2006 14:10 AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.log,1,1) ++ This is e-TeX, Version 3.141592-2.1 (MiKTeX 2.4) (preloaded format=latex 2004.8.20) 26 AUG 2006 14:20

(no comment)
type: item
creator: andreas@work
date: 2006-08-26T14:11:35+02:00
description: AddTxtFile(Argon_size_depedence.aux) AddTxtFile(Argon_size_depedence.blg) UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.dvi) AddTxtFile(Argon_size_depedence.log) UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.pdf) DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,27,1) -- DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,67,3) -- In a recent publication \cite{Gisselbrecht_2005} we presented the general fragmentation pattern of small argon clusters for resonant inner shell excitation and ionization. We did show that the inner shell photo-absorption prepared selectively ionic species below or above the vertical double ionization potential, respectively Ar$_m^{+*}$ and Ar$_m^{2+}$. In both case theses species undergo dissociation leading to two or more charged fragments pointing out the importance of the nuclear relaxation as well as the electronic relaxation.\\ -- In this study we focus on the cluster-size dependent fragmentation with a VUV photon of 116 eV. We perform a multicoincidence measurement Photo-Electron-n-Photo-Ions COincidence PE(PI)$_n$CO with a mass spectrometer. -- AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,67,4) ++ In a recent publication \cite{Gisselbrecht_2005} we presented the general fragmentation pattern of small argon clusters for resonant inner shell excitation and ionization. We did show that the inner shell photo-absorption prepared selectively ionic species below or above the vertical double ionization potential, respectively Ar$_m^{+*}$ and Ar$_m^{2+}$. In both case theses species undergo dissociation leading to two or more charged fragments pointing out the importance of the nuclear relaxation as well as the electronic relaxation. ++ ++ In this study we focus on the cluster-size dependent fragmentation with a VUV photon of 116~eV. We perform a multicoincidence measurement Photo-Electron-n-Photo-Ions COincidence PE(PI)$_n$CO with a mass spectrometer. ++ DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,78,3) -- The chosen photon energy implies that only the 3p valence and 3s inner valence shells can be ionized and…

(no comment)
type: item
creator: mathieu@g3
date: 2006-08-25T18:46:32+02:00
description: DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.bbl,1,1) -- \begin{thebibliography}{27} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.bbl,1,1) ++ \begin{thebibliography}{28} AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.bbl,160,6) ++ \bibitem[{\citenamefont{{P. Scheier } and {T.D. M\"{a}rk}}(1987)}]{Scheier_87} ++ \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{P. Scheier }}} \bibnamefont{and} ++ \bibinfo{author}{\bibnamefont{{T.D. M\"{a}rk}}}, \bibinfo{journal}{Chem. ++ Phys. Lett} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{136}}, \bibinfo{pages}{423} ++ (\bibinfo{year}{1987}). ++ UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.dvi) UpdateBinaryFile(Argon_size_depedence.pdf) DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,74,1) -- \caption{\label{Fig1} Photo-ionization branching ratio for free argon atoms and schematic decay channels for clusters. } AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,74,1) ++ \caption{\label{Fig1} Photo-ionisation branching ratio for free argon atoms and schematic decay channels for clusters. } DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,137,1) -- The broadening of the peak in these series of spectra cannot be explained simply as the fragmentation of singly ionized clusters in the ground state. Indeed using the model developed by Haberland[], cluster ionization is followed simply by neutral evaporation which tend to cool down the cluster. The typical energy released in this unimolecular fragmentation is typically 60-200 meV \cite{Ikegami_1993,Hrivnak_2001}. Although it is known that other dissociation mechanism are possible at this photon energy, for instance after inner-valence shell ionization \cite{Thissen_1998}, one can assume that the dominant decay channel observed is related to one vacancy in the outer shell. Hence large clusters fragment statistically: the excess energy is shared among all degrees of freedom and the kinetic energy of the fragment does not increase as a function of the cluster size. The observed fragmentation processes would imply a substantial amount of stored internal energy. AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,137,1) ++ The broadening of the…

(no comment)
type: item
creator: andreas@work
date: 2006-08-25T16:37:37+02:00
description: DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,74,1) -- \caption{\label{Fig1} Photo-ionisation branching ratio for free argon atoms and schematic decay channels for clusters. } AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,74,1) ++ \caption{\label{Fig1} Photo-ionization branching ratio for free argon atoms and schematic decay channels for clusters. }

(no comment)
type: item
creator: mathieu@g3
date: 2006-08-25T16:33:55+02:00
description: AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,42,3) ++ \author{Ricardo R.T. Marinho} ++ \affiliation{Laborat\'{o}rio Nacional de Luz S\'{\i}ncrotron (LNLS), Box 6192, 13084-971 Campinas SP, Brazil} ++ DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,68,3) -- In a recent publication \cite{Gisselbrecht_2005} we presented the general fragmentation pattern of small argon clusters for resonant inner shell excitation and ionization. We did show that the inner shell photo-absorption prepared selectively ionic species below or above the vertical double ionization potential, respectively Ar$_m^{+*}$ and Ar$_m^{2+}$. In both case theses species undergo dissociation leading to two or more charged fragments pointing out the importance of the nuclear relaxation as well as the electronic relaxation.\\ -- In this study we focus on the cluster-size dependent fragmentation with a VUV photon of 116 eV. We perform a multicoincidence measurement Photo-Electron-n-Photo-Ions COincidence PE(PI)$_n$CO with a mass spectrometer. -- AddBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,68,3) ++ In a recent publication \cite{Gisselbrecht_2005} we presented the general fragmentation pattern of small argon clusters for resonant inner shell excitation and ionization. We did show that the inner shell photo-absorption prepared selectively ionic species below or above the vertical double ionization potential, respectively Ar$_m^{+*}$ and Ar$_m^{2+}$. In both case theses species undergo dissociation leading to two or more charged fragments pointing out the importance of the nuclear relaxation as well as the electronic relaxation.\\ ++ In this study we focus on the cluster-size dependent fragmentation with a VUV photon of 116 eV. We perform a multicoincidence measurement Photo-Electron-n-Photo-Ions COincidence PE(PI)$_n$CO with a mass spectrometer. ++ DelBlock(Argon_size_depedence.tex,78,3) -- The chosen photon energy implies that only the 3p valence and 3s inner valence shells can be ionized and Auger relaxation is energetically not possible. For…